The infection of host cells involved in the immune system carries the virus throughout the body and into multiple organs, causing chronic inflammatory diseases. Although most infected goats remain asymptomatic, the carriers continuously shed the virus into their environments, leading to more infections of naive goats. All breeds and ages are susceptible to the virus, and once an infection occurs, it persists throughout the carrier's lifetime. Epidemiological evidence indicates that the major transmission routes of the virus are through the ingestion of colostrum in milk from virus-infected adult goats by kids 3, iatrogenic transmission, and lateral transmission through long-term close contact with infected goats 4. The virus is able to infect goats and occasionally sheep and other related ruminants 2. Here, we review some of the most recent developments in diagnostic methods and their use in both laboratory and field diagnosis.Ĭaprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is one of the small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV), viruses that belong to the genus Lentivirus of the family Retrovirdae 1. The delayed seroconversion or intermittent antibodies and the genetic heterogeneity of regional virus strains affect the effectiveness of diagnosis by the serological and molecular methods, respectively. The use of Western blot is still considered a “gold standard” in CAEV serology. At present, the diagnosis of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection is usually obtained through serological testing or molecular techniques, while the serological agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing focus on the detection of CAEV antibodies, the PCR and isothermal amplification methods directly detect the proviral sequence of CAEV. 6, Chiang, Hualien 97362, Taiwan.Ĭaprine arthritis and encephalitis (CAE) is an economically important viral disease that causes chronic inflammatory disease in goats. 3, Keelung Rd., Taipei City 10617, Taiwan.ģHualein Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No. 207-5, Bi-tou-mian, Wu-hoo village, Si-hoo Township, Miao-li County 36848, Taiwan.ĢDepartment of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. ![]() Po-An Tu 1, 2, Jen-Wen Shiau 1, Fang-Yu Lai 2, Shen-Shyuan Yang 3, and Pei-Hwa Wang 2*ġHsinchu Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, No. This aids in the identification of strains should there be an outbreak.Diagnostic tests for caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection The Non-Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory at the Institute provides a referencing lab for SPPV and GTPV. Sheeppox and goatpox can be found in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, India and also Greece. The virus is also present in respiratory aerosols and can be spread by close contact and by insects. ![]()
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